Sex-toy, bouteille de bière et espèce menacée
Le Best of Bestioles est resté trop longtemps muet, je ne pouvais vous laisser seul trop longtemps. Pour la reprise, je vous propose de poursuivre dans notre exploration des affres sexuelles des animaux : c’est le retour de notre série « 500, 5 000, 50 000 nuances de grey ! »
Le père Noël vous a peut-être apporté de quoi vous aider à partir au 7ème ciel sans l’aide d’un partenaire, je veux parler d’un sex-toy.
Un sex-toy en ivoire daté du xviiie siècle. © S. Dunne
Et bien sachez que vous n’êtes pas les seuls à recourir à cet accessoire ! Il y a certes beaucoup d’êtres humains, mais pas que… C’est ce qu’ont découvert dans les années 1980 deux zoologistes australiens, Darryl Gwynne (de l’Université d’Australie occidentale et aujourd’hui à celle de Toronto, au Canada) et David Rentz (du CSIRO, le Commonwealth scientific and industrial research organisation). La bestiole en question est le coléoptère Julodimorpha bakewelli, qui atteint jusqu’à 4 centimètres de longueur. Son vrai nom serait plutôt Julodimorpha saundersii, à en croire un papier de 2008. Ils appartiennent à la famille des Buprestidae, nommée en anglais jewel beetle, c’est-à-dire scarabée joyau en raison de leur apparence métallique et iridescente
Julodimorpha bakewelli, ou Julodimorpha saundersii. © N. Zilm.
Le point de départ fut une photo qui tournait au sein de la communauté des entomologistes, celle d’un mâle (insecte, pas un entomologiste !) entreprenant une bouteille de bière.
Humm, bon, sans commentaire. © D. Gwynne.
On sait s’amuser chez les entomologistes ! Toujours est-il que les deux compères se sont interrogés : était-ce le fruit du hasard, ou bien y avait-il plus à découvrir. Des investigations plus poussées leur montrèrent qu’il n’en était rien : en 30 minutes, ils ne repérèrent pas moins de six mâles s’accouplant à une bouteille de bière !
Une partie de (24) jambes en l’air à 5 ! Allez, au goulot ! © D. Gwynne.
Mine de rien, ces travaux d’anthologie (et d’entomologie) ont valu à leurs auteurs un prix IgNobel en 2011. Félicitations !
Un accouplement « normal » ressemble à ça.
Allons, allons, ne vous attardez pas ici, c’est privé. © J. Tann.
Le problème est que les élytres des femelles sont d’un beau brun et ponctuées de petites cavités, exactement comme le sont de nombreuses bouteilles de bière ! Les deux surfaces réfléchissent la lumière d’une façon semblable. Les mâles sont ainsi bernés. Rien de tel n’arriverait avec des bouteilles de vin, mais une bouteille de bière, c’est si sexy.
N’est-ce pas ? Ohhh, so sexy… c’est torride.
Ces bouteilles de bière jetées dans l’environnement sont non seulement une calamité environnementale, mais au-delà de l’anecdote, elles constituent un grave problème pour les coléoptères Julodimorpha bakewelli. En effet, les bouteilles sont si attrayantes que les mâles les préfèrent aux femelles ! Pire encore, des fourmis Iridomyrmex discors ont appris à se rassembler près des bouteilles et à attendre une âme en peine en quête d’amour. Là, croyant avoir affaire à une femelle, il est attaqué par les fourmis qui ont vite fait de le dévorer, en commençant par les organes sexuels. Dans d’autres cas, ce sont la chaleur et la faim qui entraînent la mort de l’insecte. L’espèce serait de ce fait menacée d’extinction, rien de moins.
Dans un second article, Darryl Gwynne et David Rentz racontent qu’une infirmière leur a décrit une scène identique, avec un être humain mâle dont une partie de l’anatomie était coincée dans une bouteille de lait. Désolé, là, je n’ai pas de photo.
Le cas (celui des coléoptères) serait un exemple de stimulus supranormal ou hyperstimulus, c’est-à-dire celui d’un caractère qui entraîne des réponses exagérées. Le célèbre éthologue Konrad Lorenz aurait été le premier à les identifier lorsqu’il constata qu'une oie préfère rouler vers son nid des œufs artificiels hypertrophiés plutôt que ses propres œufs. Ce type de stimuli serait très répandu.
Par exemple, les humains seraient attirés par la junk food par des processus similaires : ces aliments seraient des hyperstimulus. Vous voilà prévenus : lorsque vous passerez devant un fast food, vous vous retiendrez en incriminant des stimuli supranormaux, c’est très chic.
Selon le neurologue Vilayanur S. Ramachandran, on doit aussi chercher l’explication de l’anatomie très avantageuse, voire un tantinet exagérée, de la Venus de Willendorf, une statuette en calcaire du Paléolithique supérieur de 11 centimètres de hauteur et conservée au Musée d'histoire naturelle de Vienne (Autriche).
La Vénus de Willendorf. © M. Kabel
Quoi qu’il en soit, on se demande quel type de stimulus (au moins un méganormal) a conduit ce pauvre serpent dans cette position inconfortable.
Un serpent mis en bière. © The courier Mail
Pour en savoir plus :
- C. L. Bellamy et T. Weir, The reinstatement of Julodimorpha saundersii Thomson 1879 (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) as a valid species, in Zootaxa, vol. 1751, pp. 46–54, 2008.
- D. Barrett, Supernormal Stimuli – Why Birds Are Cuckoo, in Waistland, in The (R)Evolutionary Science Behind Our Weight and Fitness Crisis, pp. 31-51, New York, W.W. Norton & Co, 2007.
- D. T. Gwynne et D. C. F. Rentz, Beetles on the bottle : male buprestids mistake stubbies for female (Coleoptera), in Australian in Journal of Entomology, vol. 22, pp. 79-80, 1983.
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